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What is the energy recovery of new energy vehicles?
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- Time of issue:2021-12-24 17:32
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(Summary description)A big difference between new energy vehicles (here refers to hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles including extended-range electric vehicles) and traditional vehicles is that new energy vehicles have an energy recovery system. So, what is energy recovery? How is it achieved? What is it related to? Next, this article will explain the energy recovery of new energy vehicles in a more popular way.
What is the energy recovery of new energy vehicles?
(Summary description)A big difference between new energy vehicles (here refers to hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles including extended-range electric vehicles) and traditional vehicles is that new energy vehicles have an energy recovery system. So, what is energy recovery? How is it achieved? What is it related to? Next, this article will explain the energy recovery of new energy vehicles in a more popular way.
- Categories:News center
- Author:
- Origin:
- Time of issue:2021-12-24 17:32
- Views:
Information
A big difference between new energy vehicles (here refers to hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles including extended-range electric vehicles) and traditional vehicles is that new energy vehicles have an energy recovery system. So, what is energy recovery? How is it achieved? What is it related to? Next, this article will explain the energy recovery of new energy vehicles in a more popular way.
01What is energy recovery?
Under normal circumstances, there are generally two ways for a vehicle to achieve deceleration:
1. By releasing the accelerator, lift the accelerator pedal, and use the resistance of the whole vehicle to decelerate. The sliding distance in this working condition is long.
2. Brake by stepping on the brake.
The whole vehicle deceleration process is actually a simple junior high school physics knowledge: a process in which the kinetic energy of the whole vehicle is converted into heat energy generated by overcoming frictional resistance, including wind resistance, frictional resistance of the vehicle power transmission mechanism, frictional resistance between tires and ground, and The friction force of the braking system during the driving process (the energy of this item accounts for the largest proportion). Since other parameters have been fixed in the process of vehicle development, they belong to passive existence. However, if the energy generated by braking friction can be collected and reused for driving, it will be of great significance to the energy consumption of the whole vehicle. The energy recovery system of new energy vehicles assumes this role.
02How is the energy recovery system realized?
When we were studying physics in junior high school, we learned that when a coil in a magnetic field is connected to alternating current, the coil will rotate in the magnetic field (electromagnetism). A reverse resistance prevents the coil from rotating (magnetically generated electricity). See Faraday's law and Lenz's law in junior high school physics. This is also the most basic motor principle. In the process of deceleration, the new energy vehicle uses the principle of magnetism to generate electricity, and converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy through the motor to recover it.
The moving vehicle decelerates (throwing the accelerator or stepping on the brake), the motor is still coupled to the wheel, the rotor permanent magnet rotates at a high speed under the drive of the wheel and the transmission mechanism and is cut by the stator winding coil. The winding generates a reverse induced current that returns to the battery through the motor, and at this time, the reverse torque is generated by the counter-rotation to prevent the vehicle from moving forward, that is, the magnetic generation in the above.
03What are the types of energy recovery? What is the difference?
Electric vehicles have two energy recovery methods, namely braking energy recovery and coasting energy recovery. The only criterion for the distinction is whether to step on the brake pedal. The energy recovery by stepping on the brake pedal is braking energy recovery, and the energy recovery only by releasing the accelerator is called coasting energy recovery.
There are currently two ways to realize the braking energy recovery of the motor, one is a parallel energy recovery system, and the other is a series energy recovery system. In the braking process of an electric vehicle, one of the sources of braking torque is the mechanical braking of the friction plate, and the other is that the motor provides negative torque through the transmission shaft to achieve deceleration, that is, electric braking. As long as the proportion of electric braking is more, the efficiency of energy recovery is better.
Parallel energy recovery strategy and series energy recovery strategy
Parallel energy recovery:
Tandem energy recovery:
Since the parallel energy recovery system is coupled with the brake pedal and the brake wheel cylinder, in a deceleration process, as long as the brake pedal is depressed, the brake wheel cylinder will have hydraulic pressure to generate braking, while the electric brake is only a Superimposed on the mechanical brake to complete the braking. Therefore, a part of the energy is still lost, and the energy recovery rate is low.
The brake pedal and hydraulic mechanism of the tandem energy recovery system are decoupled. After stepping on the brake pedal, the controller infers the driver's braking demand from the current pedaling angle and angular velocity through the travel sensor, and calculates the required braking force. The electric motor is then used as the main source of torque, and the hydraulic brake acts as a compensation for insufficient braking torque. Thereby increasing the proportion of braking, thereby increasing energy recovery.
How the tandem energy recovery system works
04What parameters is the energy recovery intensity related to?
Under a certain deceleration condition:
Deceleration a=(resistance provided by motor + resistance of vehicle itself)/vehicle weight
Therefore, in order to improve the energy recovery capability of vehicle braking, the following aspects can be considered:
1. Improve the recovery torque of the motor at different speeds, that is, the recovery power (increase the boundary of the electric brake, the greater the power, the more working conditions that can be covered).
2. Reduce the resistance of the whole vehicle (under the same deceleration requirement, the smaller the resistance of the whole vehicle is, the more regenerative torque the motor needs to provide, and the more energy is recovered).
3. Improve other parameters (reducer efficiency, differential efficiency, motor efficiency, etc.)
It is worth mentioning that the increase in vehicle weight will also allow the motor to recover more energy under a certain deceleration, but due to the increase in vehicle weight, the energy consumption of driving will be more, so it will not increase the energy recovery by increasing the vehicle weight, but It is to find ways to reduce weight and energy consumption.
The function of energy recovery is to convert more electrical energy in the battery into the kinetic energy we need. This can increase the battery life of the electric vehicle. But the best way to save power, it has to be: just coasting, parked exactly where you want to park.
To sum up, when following a car at a long distance, use the gliding energy recovery to adjust the deceleration intensity (strong energy recovery with controllable deceleration) through the accelerator pedal, so as to control the following distance. Slow down and follow. The principle is to use more gliding energy recovery when the gliding energy recovery can be used. When the deceleration of the gliding energy recovery cannot meet the deceleration requirement, the braking energy recovery is used. After all, the gliding energy recovery is 100% recovery without the intervention of other external forces. Brake energy recovery will consume a certain amount of low-voltage power during operation, and at the same time, there will be hydraulic brake intervention in some working conditions, resulting in energy loss.
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